Biology

(5 marks) A human zygote grows by dividing each cell into two identical “daughter” cells. It takes each cell a fixed amount of time (called the cell cycle time) to divide. Five days after fertilisation, when it starts to become a blastocyst, the zygote contains 16 cells. (a) Explain why the number of cells is growing exponentially. (b) Find the doubling time for the number of cells. (c) Using your answer to part (b), find a formula for the number of cells, N, as a function of time t in days from fertilisation. (d) An adult body contains 37 x 1012 cells. How long would it take for the blastocyst to have that many cells? You may assume that the cell cycle time stays the same, though in reality it doesn’t.

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Describe the impact of alcohol on mother’s milk.Explain causes of hyperbilirubinemia and ways to prevent kernicterus.List at least two ways health professionals can help the mother of multiples face the challenges of breastfeeding.Identify at least three factors that contribute to increased readmission rates for late-preterm infants.

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Describe The Impact Of Alcohol On Mother’s Milk • Explain causes of hyperbilirubinemia and ways to prevent kernicterus. • List at least two ways health professionals can help the mother of multiples face the challenges of breastfeeding. • Identify at least three factors that contribute to increased readmission rates for late-preterm infants. EXPERT ANSWER The …

Describe the impact of alcohol on mother’s milk.Explain causes of hyperbilirubinemia and ways to prevent kernicterus.List at least two ways health professionals can help the mother of multiples face the challenges of breastfeeding.Identify at least three factors that contribute to increased readmission rates for late-preterm infants. Read More »

Why the Average Adult Height has been increased in Europe USA Canada and Australia within 8 decades?

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EXPERT ANSWER Human height is generally depended on nutrients and diseases. If a person doesn’t get sufficient about of nutrients then it affects its growth. From last 8 decades the standard of living in these locations have chaged, their nutrient intake is sufficient and no severe health condition is observed. Due to this improvements in …

Why the Average Adult Height has been increased in Europe USA Canada and Australia within 8 decades? Read More »

Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions Definition: “Measurements taken when the human body is engaged in some physical activity”. Types: Static Dimensions (adjusted for movement), Rotational Inertia, Radius of Gyration Principle 1- Estimating Conversion of Static Measures for Dynamic Situations e.g. dynamic height = 97% of static height e.g. dynamic arm reach = 120% of static arm length Principle 2 – Integrating The entire body operates together to determine the value of a measurement parameter e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoulder movement + partial trunk rotation and + some back bending + hand movement Assignment#1-task 3: Give three examples for this case > Principle 2 – Integrating

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EXPERT ANSWER Ans-The measurements taken of body positions which result from its movements or motions are known as functional body dimensions. … These dimensions are of for greater importance to the designers than structural dimensions Functional dimensions are also known as dynamic dimensions Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions•Definition: “Measurements taken when the human body isengaged in some …

Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions Definition: “Measurements taken when the human body is engaged in some physical activity”. Types: Static Dimensions (adjusted for movement), Rotational Inertia, Radius of Gyration Principle 1- Estimating Conversion of Static Measures for Dynamic Situations e.g. dynamic height = 97% of static height e.g. dynamic arm reach = 120% of static arm length Principle 2 – Integrating The entire body operates together to determine the value of a measurement parameter e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoulder movement + partial trunk rotation and + some back bending + hand movement Assignment#1-task 3: Give three examples for this case > Principle 2 – Integrating Read More »

Principle 2 -Integrating The entire body operates together to determine the value of a measurement parameter. e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoulder movement partial trunk rotation and + some back bending + hand movement Give three examples for this case >Principle 2 -Integrating? Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions Definition: “Measurements taken when the human body is engaged in some physical activity”. Types: Static Dimensions (adjusted for movement), Rotational Inertia, Radius of Gyration Principle 1- Estimating Conversion of Static Measures for Dynamic Situations e.g. dynamic height = 97% of static height e.g. dynamic arm reach = 120% of static arm length Principle 2 – Integrating The entire body operates together to determine the value of a measurement parameter e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoulder movement + partial trunk rotation and + some back bending + hand movement Assignment#1-task 3: Give three examples for this case > Principle 2 – Integrating

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EXPERT ANSWER Solution: Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions are also known as Anthropometric Measurements. The Three Main Examples of Integration of Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions in Human Body are as follows: a)Typing Speed = Viewing Angle+ Wrist Straight+ 90° Knee Angle + 90° Lumbar Posture. b) Arm Reach = Arm Length+ Shoulder Movement+ Partial Trunk Rotation+ Some Back …

Principle 2 -Integrating The entire body operates together to determine the value of a measurement parameter. e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoulder movement partial trunk rotation and + some back bending + hand movement Give three examples for this case >Principle 2 -Integrating? Dynamic (Functional) Dimensions Definition: “Measurements taken when the human body is engaged in some physical activity”. Types: Static Dimensions (adjusted for movement), Rotational Inertia, Radius of Gyration Principle 1- Estimating Conversion of Static Measures for Dynamic Situations e.g. dynamic height = 97% of static height e.g. dynamic arm reach = 120% of static arm length Principle 2 – Integrating The entire body operates together to determine the value of a measurement parameter e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoulder movement + partial trunk rotation and + some back bending + hand movement Assignment#1-task 3: Give three examples for this case > Principle 2 – Integrating Read More »

A 64-year-old, fair-skinned man in good overall health spent a very hot, humid summer day gardening in his backyard. After several hours in the sun, he began to feel dizzy and confused as he knelt over his vegetable garden. Although he had earlier been perspiring profusely, his sweating had eventually stopped. Because he also felt confused and disoriented, he could not recall for how long he had not been perspiring, or even how long it had been since he had taken a drink of water. He called to his wife, who was alarmed to see that his skin had turned a pale blue color. She asked her husband to come indoors, but he fainted as soon as he tried to stand. The wife called for an ambulance, and the man was taken to a hospital and diagnosed with a condition called heat stroke. What happened to this man that would explain his condition, and how does it relate to homeostasis?

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A 64-year-old, fair-skinned man in good overall health spent a very hot, humid summer day gardening in his backyard. After several hours in the sun, he began to feel dizzy and confused as he knelt over his vegetable garden. Although he had earlier been perspiring profusely, his sweating had eventually stopped. Because he also felt …

A 64-year-old, fair-skinned man in good overall health spent a very hot, humid summer day gardening in his backyard. After several hours in the sun, he began to feel dizzy and confused as he knelt over his vegetable garden. Although he had earlier been perspiring profusely, his sweating had eventually stopped. Because he also felt confused and disoriented, he could not recall for how long he had not been perspiring, or even how long it had been since he had taken a drink of water. He called to his wife, who was alarmed to see that his skin had turned a pale blue color. She asked her husband to come indoors, but he fainted as soon as he tried to stand. The wife called for an ambulance, and the man was taken to a hospital and diagnosed with a condition called heat stroke. What happened to this man that would explain his condition, and how does it relate to homeostasis? Read More »

Human xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. For the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, several medications are used to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase and reduce the production of uric acid. You are a biochemist and just discovered a chemical that can inhibit the activity of the human xanthine oxidase. When analyzing its mode of inhibition, you found that the enzyme inhibitor complex requires 450 J.mol’ to dissociate and that it displays kinetics somehow similar to noncompetitive inhibition. You sent your inhibitor to the ministry of health for approval as a medication for gout. Based on the data provided, are they going to authorize it as a medication or not? Explain?

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Human xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. For the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, several medications are used to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase and reduce the production of uric acid. You are a biochemist and just discovered a chemical …

Human xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. For the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, several medications are used to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase and reduce the production of uric acid. You are a biochemist and just discovered a chemical that can inhibit the activity of the human xanthine oxidase. When analyzing its mode of inhibition, you found that the enzyme inhibitor complex requires 450 J.mol’ to dissociate and that it displays kinetics somehow similar to noncompetitive inhibition. You sent your inhibitor to the ministry of health for approval as a medication for gout. Based on the data provided, are they going to authorize it as a medication or not? Explain? Read More »

Outline within 400 words the ethical concerns and consideration issues you i identify with tissue engineering.

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EXPERT ANSWER Tissue engineering is capable of enhancing or replacing physiological and biochemical functions that may be damaged by injury or sickness. It is a part of regenerative medicine and it is rapidly evolving. It applies both the principles of engineering and life sciences that could restore or improve tissue functions. The ethical concerns can …

Outline within 400 words the ethical concerns and consideration issues you i identify with tissue engineering. Read More »